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Local government explained

Local government plays a vital role in shaping the places we live – delivering essential services, supporting communities, and responding to local needs. But how local government works can vary widely between countries, with different structures, responsibilities and ways of operating.

We break down complex systems into straightforward insights to support learning, comparison, and idea sharing – strengthening understanding of local democracy in action.

Facts and figures

How local government in England works

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How local government in Wales works

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How local government in Scotland works

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How local government in Northern Ireland works

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How local government in Ireland works

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Topical explainers

Focuses on the role of local authorities in tackling the climate emergency and highlights three key areas of climate action: Read here

Cultural services are highly valued by communities; get up to speed on the local government perspective: Read here

Provides an overview of children’s services and how the councillor’s role overlaps: Read here

Covers some of the main issues in adult social care, including care arranged through a council, integration with the NHS, and pays particular attention to topics that may be raised by local people seeking advice from their councillor: Read here

Provides a short, non-technical introduction to the main features of local government finance in England, but should also be useful to others new to local government or wanting to find out more: Read here

A detailed introduction to local authority housing issues; key topics covered include homelessness, house building and renting: Read here

Introduces the planning process, common terms and phrases, explore current issues within the planning system and set out imminent changes to the planning process: Read here

Multiethnic group of businesspeople engaged in a strategy and brainstorming session around a conference table. Collaborative and focused on teamwork and planning.

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